Fig. 3

Construction and validation the diagnostic performance of Qliver model to detect HCC in plasma cohort. A 2D kernel density estimation of ΔCT value of OSR2 and TSPYL5 gene in combined plasma cohort (phase 1 plus phase 2), which consists with 120 HCC, 133 cirrhosis, 20 benign liver disease and 50 healthy plasma samples. B ROC curves and associated AUC values for OSR2, TSPYL5, AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, GALAD and Qliver in phase 1 plasma cohort consisting of 53 HCC, 52 cirrhosis, 20 benign liver disease and 50 healthy plasma samples. C ROC curves and associated AUC values for OSR2, TSPYL5, AFP, AFP-L3, DCP, GALAD and Qliver in phase 2 plasma cohort consisting of 67 HCC and 81 cirrhosis plasma samples. D The comparison of ΔCT values of OSR2 (D), TSPYL5 (E), Qliver score (F) and GALAD score (G) in different sample groups in combined plasma cohort (phase 1 plus phase 2), consisting of 120 HCC, 133 cirrhosis, 20 benign liver disease and 50 healthy plasma samples (p-value were computed with Wilcoxon rank sum test). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001; p > 0.05 was considered not significant (ns). Healthy, healthy volunteers; HCA, Hepatocellular adenoma; FNH, Focal Nodular Hyperplasia; HH, Hepatic hemangioma; Cir, liver cirrhosis; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma. H Comparison of HCC prediction results between Qliver and other classifiers in combined plasma cohort (phase 1 plus phase 2) consisting of 120 HCC, 133 cirrhosis, 20 benign liver diseases and 50 healthy plasma samples. A Z-score normalization is performed on the normalized value across samples for each marker. Heatmaps and dendrograms were also created to depict the Qliver characteristics based on the Euclidean distance and ward. D2 clustering methods. Since OSR2 and TSPYL5 are highly methylated in HCC patients, the Δct value of their MS-qPCR amplification is lower than that of the control subjects